Madd caused / followed by other things

Madd Sila

This occurs when the possessive pronoun (shown as when attached to the previous letter), which denotes the 3rd person singular masculine, falls between 2 letters that carry a vowel.

Two types: Major (ﮐﺒﺮﻩ) and Minor (ﺻﻐﺮﻩ)

MAJOR

Requirements :

• The possessive pronoun 
• Followed by hamzah () mutaharrik

Effect :

• Elongate 2, 4 or 5 counts
• Preferred 4 or 5

Further Notes :

• Takes the same ruling as madd munfasil jaa'iz (where a natural madd letter is followed by a hamzah in the next word)
• This therefore means that it is permissible to elongate for just 2 counts
• Preferred elongation though is 4 or 5 to illustrate that it is not the natural madd of just 2 counts
• Those who have no or little knowledge of the Arabic language may not understand the usage of the possessive pronoun which basically refers to the third person singular masculine. A tiny / will be present to indicate this rule

The presence of a squiggly line indicates that it is preferred that the reader elongates it for more than 2 counts

• If the carries a dammah (), will be present

• If the carries a kasra (), will be present

Examples

	(Surah: Verse)	Extract from Verse		(Surah: Verse)	Extract from Verse
	(104:3)
(90:7)
	(83:12)			(12:54)

MINOR

Requirements :

• The possessive pronoun
• Followed by any letter other than hamzah ()

Effect :

• Elongate 2 counts only

Further Notes :

• A tiny / will be present , but this time there will be no squiggly line as its elongation is for only 2 counts, which is the same as the natural madd

Examples

	(Surah: Verse)	Extract from Verse		Extract from Verse
	(92:18)
(92:19)
	(100:4)		(100:5)

EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE OF MADD SILA

There are 4 instances in the Qur'an where the rules of MADD SILA will not apply.

1. Surah Al Furqan (25:69)

   

   Hafs lengthens it even though the letter preceding the 'ha' is saakin, and not mutaharrik

    

    

2. Surah Zumar (39:7)

   ﴾﴿

   The 'ha' is not elongated, even though it is between 2 letters that are mutaharrik

    

    

3. Surah Naml (27:28)

   ﴾ ﴿

   Hafs reads it with a sukoon () on the 'ha'. As it carries a , it would probably be read this way anyway

    

4. Surah Ash-Shura (26:36)

   ﴾﴿

   Hafs reads it with a sukoon () on the 'ha'. As it carries a , it would probably be read this way anyway

   

Madd Badal

This Madd follows the same principal as a normal madd; the difference being that the madd letter is a substitute for what was originally a hamzah.

Requirements :

• It occurs when the letter preceding it is also hamzah

Effect :

• Elongate 2 counts

Further Notes :

The original form of these words was  but a long vowel replaced the second hamzah for ease in pronunciation.

Examples

إِإْﻣﺎن	-		(3:193)
أَأْدم	-		(2:31)

Madd 'Ewad

An alif which carries 2 fattahs ,is called fattahtain, and is written as اً 

Requirements :

• This madd occurs when the reader stops on the fattahtain ( )

(For further information on stopping at tanween, refer to 'Rules of Waqf')

Effect :

• Instead of pronouncing nunnation, the reader stops as though there is a natural madd with a
• So it is like taking one of the off and being left with 1 fattah and an alif i.e. Natural madd
• Elongate 2 counts

Further Notes :

• This applies whether stopping in the middle or end of an ayah
• However, if the letter is a ta marbutta () , then the rule of madd 'ewad will not apply. Instead, it is pronounced like carrying a , in which case the sifa of hems (continuation of breath) will be applied

E.g

Examples

(Surah: Verse)	Extract from Verse		(Surah: Verse)	Extract from Verse
(100:1)
(100:2)

Click 'here' to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Ewad

Madd Al-Farq

• This occurs in only 3 words in the Qur'an, each word appearing in 2 different places as the table below shows
• Elongate 6 counts

NB It is actually a madd laazim kalimee, yet it is called farq as it differentiates between the word and the question indicator

Madd Tamkeen

Requirements :

• When there is a carrying a and
• Followed by 'Yaa' of elongation

Effect :

• This will tighten the kasra () on the
• Elongate 2 counts

Examples

Click 'here' to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Tamkeen

Click on the 'Summary Chart for Madd' link on the right hand sidebar to view a summarised chart for the types and branches of Madd